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Here are a few things that I am sure that you don't know but will enjoy reading, I sure do every time I read these. So sit back and read a little, you may learn something ;8) Coffee
- Prior to 1000 A.D.:
- Members of the Galla tribe in Ethiopia notice that they get an energy
boost when they eat a certain type of berry, ground up and mixed with
animal fat.
- circa 1000 A.D.:
- Arab traders bring coffee back to their homeland and cultivate the
plant for the first time on plantations. They also begin to boil the
beans, creating a drink called "qahwa" (literally, "that which
prevents sleep")
- 1453:
- Coffee is introduced to Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks. The
world's first coffee shop, Kiv Han, opens there in 1475. Turkish law
makes it legal for a woman to divorce her husband if he fails to
provide her with her daily quota of coffee.
- Turkish proverb:
- "Coffee should be black as hell, strong as death, and sweet as love."
- 1511:
- Khair Beg, the corrupt governor of Mecca, tries to ban coffee for fear
that it's influence might foster opposition to his rule. The sultan
sends word that coffee is sacred and has the governor executed.
- 1587:
- Sheik Abd-al-Kadir writes, "No one can understand the truth until he
drinks of coffee's frothy goodness."
- circa 1600:
- Coffee, introduced to the West by Italian traders, grabs attention in
high places. In Italy, Pope Clement VIII is urged by his advisers to
consider the favorite drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the infidel
threat. One sip, however, and he decides to baptize it instead, making
it an acceptable Christian beverage.
- 1607:
- Captain John Smith helps to found the colony of Virginia at Jamestown;
it is believed that he introduced coffee to North America.
- 1645:
- First coffee-house opens in Italy.
- 1652:
- First coffee-house opens in England. Coffee-houses multiply and become
such popular forums for learned--and not learned--discussions that
they are dubbed "penny universities" (a penny being the price of a cup
of coffee).
- 1668:
- Coffee replaces beer as New York City's favorite breakfast drink.
- 1668:
- Edward Lloyd's coffee-house opens in England and is frequented by
merchants and maritime insurance agents. Eventually it becomes Lloyd's
of London, the best known insurance company in the world.
- 1672:
- First coffee-house opens in Paris.
- 1675:
- England's King Charles II tires to suppress coffee-houses, supposedly
because men were neglecting their families to discuss business and
politics over coffee. His proclamation is revoked after public outcry.
- 1683:
- The Turkish army surrounds Vienna. Franz George Kolschitzky, a Viennese
who lived in Turkey, slips through the enemy lines to lead relief
forces to the city. The fleeing Turks leave behind sacks of "dry black
fodder" that Kolschitzky recognizes as coffee. He claims it as his
reward and opens central Europe's first coffee-house. He also
establishes the habit of refining the brew by filtering out its
grounds, sweetening it, and adding a dash of milk.
- 1690:
- With a coffee plant smuggled out of the Arab port of Mocha, the Dutch
become the first to transport and cultivate coffee commercially, in
Ceylon--and in their East Indian colony Java, source of the brew's
nickname.
- 1713:
- The Dutch unwittingly provide Louis XIV of France with a coffee batch
whose descendants will produce the entire Western coffee industry when
in 1723 French naval officer Gabriel Mathieu de Cheu steals a seedling
and transports it to Martinique. Within 50 years an official survey
records 19 million coffee trees on Martinique. Eventually, 90 percent
of the worlds coffee spreads from this plant.
- 1721:
- First coffee-house opens in Berlin.
- 1727:
- The Brazilian coffee industry get its start when Lieutenant Colonel
Francisco de Melo Palheta is sent by his government to arbitrate a
border dispute between French and Dutch colonies in Guiana. Not only
does he settle the dispute, he also strikes up a secret liaison with
the wife of French Guiana's governor. Although France guarded its New
World coffee plantations to prevent cultivation from spreading, the
lady said good-bye to Palheta with a bouquet in which she hid cuttings
and fertile seeds of coffee.
- 1732:
- Johann Sebastian Bach composed his "Kafee-Kantate". Partly an ode to
coffee and partly a stab at the movement in Germany to prevent women
from drinking coffee (it was thought to make them sterile), the
cantana includes the aria "Ah! How sweet coffee tastes! Lovelier than
a thousand kisses, sweeter far than muscatel wine! I must have
coffee..."
- 1773:
- The Boston Tea Party makes drinking coffee a patriotic duty in America.
- 1775:
- Prussia's Frederick the Great tries to block imports of green coffee,
as Prussia's wealth is drained. Public outcry changes his mind.
- 1886:
- Former wholesale grocer Joel Cheek names his popular coffee blend
Maxwell House, after the hotel in Nashville Tennessee, where it is
served.
- Early 1900s:
- In Germany, afternoon coffee becomes a standard occasion. The
derogatory term "Kaffeeklatsch" is coined to describe women's gossip
at these affairs. It has since broadened to mean relaxed conversation
in general.
- 1900:
- Hills Bros. begins packing roast coffee in vacuum tins, spelling the
end of the ubiquitous local roasting shops and coffee mills.
- 1901:
- The first soluble "instant" coffee is invented by Japanese-American
chemist Satori Kato of Chicago.
- 1903:
- German coffee importer Ludwig Roselius turns a batch of ruined coffee
beans over to researchers, who perfect the process of removing
caffeine from the beans without destroying the flavor. He markets it
under the brand named "Sanka" (a contraction of "sans
caffeine"). Sanka is introduced to the United States in 1923.
- 1906:
- George Constant Washington, an English chemist living in Guatemala,
notices a powdery condensation forming on the spout of his silver
coffee carafe. After experimentation, he creates the first
mass-produced instant coffee (his brand is called Red E Coffee), which
is followed be dozens of other brands.
- 1920:
- Prohibition goes into effect in the United States. Coffee sales boom.
- 1938:
- Having been asked by Brazil to help find a solution to their coffee
surpluses, the Nestle company invents freeze dried coffee. Nestle
develops Nescafe and introduces it in Switzerland.
- 1940:
- The U.S. imports 70 percent of the world coffee crop.
- 1942:
- During World War II, American soldiers are issued instant Maxwell
House coffee in their ration kits. Back home, wide spread hoarding
leads to coffee rationing.
- 1946:
- In Italy, Achille Gaggia perfects his espresso machine. Cappuccino is
named for the resemblance of its color to the robes of the monks of
the Capuchin order.
- 1951:
- Consumer Reports tests instant coffee.
- 1961:
- Carnation introduces Coffeemate non-dairy creamer, a powered composed
of corn syrup solids, vegetable fat, sodium caseinate, and various
additives.
- 1969:
- One week before Woodstock, the Manson Family murders coffee heiress
Abigal Folger as she visits the friend Sharon Tate in the home of
filmmaker Roman Polanski. Folger is stabbed to death with a fork.
- 1971:
- Starbucks opens its first store in Seattle's Pike Place public market,
creating a frenzy over fresh-roasted whole bean coffee.
- 1994:
- As the coffee pandemic puts a coffee-house on every corner, the truly
hip switch to tea.
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